I think now that you have an actual healthy growth, it should be fairly easy to grow.
They don't like to dry completely during active growth. They grow fast and make a lot of new leads, so they need regular fertilizing.
People grow them in a lot of different media. I don't think pure LECA would be good, because the inflorescences might not be able to push through the beads on the way down. Mine are in sphagnum moss in wood baskets. I need to dunk the entire basket in water every 2 days or it becomes crisp, even in my growing room with 70% relative humidity now.
Yes, there is normally one terminal leaf from the top of a short, wide, fatter-at-the-base-but-rapidly-tapering-to-a-point pseudobulb.
I believe flowers normally come from a freshly-matured growth. My two Stanhopeas have 5 and 6 mature pseudobulbs, all with healthy leaves; I do not think they have bloomed yet. The 6-bulb plant is making 2 new growths, and the 5-bulb plant is making one. I hope to have flowers soon.
Your plant's new growth is much smaller than its previous growths, because it is recovering from the severe injury of being divided into a small piece and thrust into a bag for who-knows-how-long. I would think when your future pseudobulbs are the size of the old ones on your plant now, it will be ready to bloom. Fortunately, these things keep making growths as long as temperature and light are both good.
I don't know how day length affects them. It would be interesting to hear from growers in the north who heat their growing areas but rely on natural light during the winter.
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