Is this a Mealybug and if so, how do I kill the little ***?

[Orchid Whisperer]

Dounoharm is right.

Sorry about your dog! Regarding systemic chemicals and using them around your dog, one of the best controls for mealies is imidacloprid, which is used as a flea control for dogs. If you are using imidacloprid on plants, there should be little risk to your dog (but ask your vet just in case). Imidacloprid is in Bayer Advanced Rose & Flower and some other Bayer products.

The soap-based home remedies will temporarily suppress mealies and scale but will never get rid of them (I know from experience).

Any plant on which you actually see mealies should be removed from its pot and medium, thoroughly cleaned, sprayed roots and all with a systemic, spray new media with the systemic, then repot. Spray the leaves again at intervals recommended on the bottle, repeat for at least a month. For plants that show no infestation, spray the leaves and stems at recommended intervals for at least a month.