My phal roots have these white round specks I don't know what it is so I don't know how to treat it. I see no signs of bugs and it doesn't look like snow mold but my plant is stressed because my new buds are shriveling up!
it looks like a mold or rot of some sort....probably from too much moisture and not enough light or air circulation...repot immediately! in very large chunky bark good luck!
This is common with wet old broken down media. Not a serious issue as long as you keep the orchid on the dry side. New media will help but I would get a fungicide and soak the plant for a few minutes so it doesn't transfer the mold to your new media.