What are these spots and patches on the leaves?

[CreamCat]

I got four orchids as a gift about a month ago, they were in bloom and seemed healthy, other than the fact that they had been sitting in water when they got to me. I've never taken care of orchids before so I searched online for information, until a week ago everything seemed to be fine, they lost their blooms and bottom leaf, a couple of them started to sprout a new leaf too. I've just recently noticed some problems.
Orchid 1 has a new growing leaf with dry white spots
Orchid 2 has a couple of black spots on the underside of a leaf
What could they be and what should I do?
I am about to repot them soon since they finished blooming.

[SouthPark]

Maybe you can just leave it for now, and make sure it doesn't appear to be getting more of it, or bigger in size.

Make sure the orchids get good air-circulation. If there is no air-movement around the plant at most of the times during the day and night, then that could promote fungal activity and/or bacterial activity - the detrimental types that is.

Keep the leaves and crown dry if you can - unless you know in advance that the leaves will dry within a couple of hours. But even then, just keeping leaves etc dry can be beneficial.

Also - if you have mancozeb, then you could apply some in a spray form ...... to that part of the leaf. Just in case.

[WaterWitchin]

They look very survivable. I'm not going to give you too much info, because you appear to be very new at orchid growing.

Try not to get leaves wet when you water. Don't water until the roots you can see in the pot look very silvery-ish and pot feels lighter. There's a sticky thread here: The Phal abuse ends here.

that you can read and learn quite a bit from. After you read and educate yourself a bit, if you still have questions bring them on. Everything in the orchid world happens very slowly for the most part. And yes, repot when you're ready... but read about potting and mediums one can use first.