I don't know what those things are...sorry. The black spots don't look like edema...maybe some fungal infection due to humidity.
I wouldn't worry about anything you've posted, unless the spots start to grow fast.
About the watering...we need to know what kind of container the plant is growing in.
And are the new roots growing towards outside of the pot or going inside the medium?
Are you sure the medium is dry by dusk? Or is it dry just on the top of the medium?
Cattleyas must be watered as they get dry.
If you're sure it's dry by dusk, then you should water them.
When the roots grow out of the pots, this might mean they are running away from it, i.e., there's something wrong with it. In your case, growing in and later they come out is normal.