I think you're referring to polyacrylamide gels. These are sold as dry granules, the size of large salt particles. When wet they absorb water, swelling up to many times their dry size. As the plant uses water in the soil the gel particles provide extra water, allowing longer periods of time between watering.
The idea is to add them to potting soil. Some people use them alone as medium for rooting cuttings.
Most epiphytic orchids are potted into coarser things like bark, LECA or cinders. The gel particles might clog the air spaces and lead to problems.
I have used them on other plants, and they work fine. I suspect they could work with terrestrial orchids such as Cymbidium, Habenaria and Phaius, but I haven't tried it. I wouldn't use them with epiphytic orchids in pots except in a controlled experiment.
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