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Some orchid growers find beauty in peloric flowers, but in American Orchid Society judging, some feel
that "peloric orchids that display a complete inflorescence of deformed flowers should automatically be disqualified from further consideration" [2].
The ABC model of flower development was proposed when scientists found that certain genes in flowers
produced effects related to these genes. By knocking out one of the genes, they discovered which coded
for what. For example, when they removed the C class of genes, the plant lost the ability to produce sexual
parts (stamens and carpel(s)).
• The A gene produces sepals.
• The B gene produces nothing on its own.
• The C gene produces carpels.
• A combination of A and B produces petals.
• A combination of B and C produces stamens.
Mutants lacking the A gene will only produce stamens and carpel(s). This mutation is known as APETALA.
Mutants lacking the B gene will only produce sepals and carpels. This mutation is known as PISTILLATA.
Mutants lacking the C gene will produce sepals and petals, over and over again.
This mutation is known as AGAMOUS.
These mutations can occur at random in the wild or they can be artificially induced [4].
1. Burns-Balogh P, Bernhardt P. Floral evolution and phylogeny in the tribe Thelymitreae (Orchidaceae: Neouioideae).
Plant Systematic's and Evolution 1988; 159 (1-2 / March): 19-47.
2.
Peloric Orchids accessed 17 January 2007.
3. Hatch ED. Petalochilus Rog. and the New Zealand Forms of Caladenia R. Br. 1948; 77: 398-402.
4.
ABC model of flower development - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia accessed 17 January 2007.
Tissue culture has been widely used for mass propagation of Phalaenopsis. However, somaclonal variation occurred during micropropagation process posed a severe problem by affecting product quality. In this study, wild type and peloric flower buds of Phalaenopsis hybrids derived from flower stalk nodal culture were used for cDNA-RAPD and cDNA suppression subtractive hybridization analyses in order to study their genetic difference in terms of expressed sequence tags. A total of 209 ESTs from normal flower buds and 230 from mutants were sequenced. These ESTs sequences can be grouped into several functional categories involved in different cellular processes including metabolism, signal transduction, transcription, cell growth and division, protein synthesis, and protein localization, and into a subcategory of proteins with unknown function. Cymbidium mosaic virus transcript was surprisingly found expressed frequently in the peloric mutant of P. Little Mary. Real-time RT-PCR analysis on selected ESTs showed that in mutant flower buds, a bZIP transcription factor (TGA1a-like protein) was down-regulated, while up-regulated genes include auxin-regulated protein kinase, cyclophilin, and TCP-like genes. A retroelement clone was also preferentially expressed in the peloric mutant flowers. On the other hand, ESTs involved in DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and post-transcriptional regulation, such as DNA methyltransferase, histone acetyltransferase, ERECTA, and DEAD/DEAH RNA helicase, were enriched in normal flower buds than the mutants. The enriched transcripts in the wild type indicate the down regulation of these transcripts in the mutants, and vice versa. The potential roles of the analyzed transcripts in the development of Phalaenopsis flowers are discussed.
Strange Phalaenopsis with two lips
Linear Mode
