Just a guess - there is usually a lot of sulfurous gas around volcanoes. If there is a sulfur residue there could be a very low pH. If you're really worried, concerned or just curious, I'd try leaching a chunk in distilled water for a while and then testing pH.
It seems that if the roots are spreading over the surface and the plant looks healthy, the rock is pretty safe.
Only other downside I can think of is that the lava rock I've seen in larger chunks is pretty light and porous. If so, will there be a mineral build-up over time? Again, the stuff I've seen has a glass like texture, even though it's porous. This should be pretty easy to rinse off any build-up.
Just a lot of guesses
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