It has happened to some of my cattleyas and I attributed it to high humidity and some type of bacterial infestation. I usually cut the part off about 0.5 to 1 cm below this black part with sterile cutters and spray with 3% hydrogen peroxide. This usually stops it. If it continues I will keep cutting until it stops.
The above pic shows the cut part that grew a sheath in the growth nonetheless. I had to cut this leaf twice.
I also increase air flow a bit and made sure leaves are dry by nightfall, that means no spraying after 2 pm (under lights).
Hope this helps....
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