Your cattleya takes after a lazy ancestor who doesn't want to waste more effort than necessary to attract a pollinator...like many other plants. When the pollinator is typically active, a plant's flowers release the scent to correspond. A moth pollinated orchid (brassavola nodosa or many angraecums) will release its scent at night and a bee/butterfly pollinated orchid releases its scent during the daytime.
Cattleyas also tend to put out more fragrance in direct sunlight than in shade. Sometimes you can extend the period when they remain fragrant each day by keeping them in sun or bright light.