You don't need to use bark. There's nothing special about it. It's often used in the US and Europe because it's widely available as a byproduct of the lumber industry, and cheap.
Any medium can work if it supports the roots, is stable, retains some water but not too much, has an appropriate pH, and contains neither salt nor toxins. You can grow in gravel, volcanic cinders, chunks of coconut husk, loose crumbled leaves shed from trees. The size of pot and medium should be chosen to permit air circulation at the roots in your local climate. You will learn to grow in your own region, as we learned to grow in different regions.
What kinds of gravel are available to you from building supply businesses? Are there coconut processing plants nearby? Are broken bricks or lava cinders available to you? Can you get pieces of palm trees that have been cut down?
If any local trees have epiphytes growing on them, that bark will be fine for orchids, as well.
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