Dead phalaenopsis roots will easily loose their outer layer when you pull on them. If you pull on any part of a root and it "sheds its skin", that part of the root is dead, and should be cut off. Dead roots invite fungus and other organisms, none of which are healthy for your plant.
If the plant only had a few live roots (which are firm in texture, but can be varied in color), then that would cause the leaves to dehydrate, as you've shown in the picture. Underwatering is sometimes a cause, but very rarely compared to drowning and killing the roots.
Glad you repotted it. Keep it watered as you've been instructed, and keep it in high humidity to allow it time to grow new healthy roots. You might even place a very thin layer of sphagnum moss around the base of the plant where the roots normally grow. Wild Phalaenopsis grow on tree branches and never want their roots buried in dense soil, but a slight bit of dampness can encourage new roots to sprout.
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