Assuming we're talking about a Dendrobium that has a definite winter rest period...
From the time that a new cane starts to emerge out of the meristematic tissue we call an "eye"; the cane will get larger and larger, produce leaves, and mature. Usually, over the course of one growing season, the new canes will reach maturity and stop getting longer/taller before the onset of winter dormancy.
After winter dormancy ends, a new, mature cane can either bloom or not bloom. Either way, the cane will remain alive until it gets old, (different canes will have different time frames for getting old), then it starts to move nutrients from the old cells in the old canes to the newer cells in the newer canes. The old canes eventually die once the nutrients have been transferred.
How long each cane lives can differ from one another.
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Philip
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