It depends on the DNA of the individual plant, the size of the pseudobulbs and the climate where the cattleya is growing. Some catts (especially very large ones) only grow one new pseudobulb each year on each lead. Others, especially compact catts, will grow two new pseudobulbs each year on each lead. Very small cattleyas can occasionally even grow more but most don't.
If a catt has the DNA to grow more than one new pseudobulb per year, it still needs a long enough growing season to do it. The further south you live, the more likely a plant would have a long enough growing season to produce two or more pseudobulbs per lead.
When it comes to blooming, some cattleyas will only bloom on the very last pseudobulb of the year. If you're lucky, you can find cattleyas that will bloom on every new pseudobulb.
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