LOL, the reason I bought my second and third orchid was because I couldn't mix the fertiliser into small enough quantities for just one orchid... the the answer is buy enough orchids to use all the water
I now have 80+ so might have overdone it based on my original reason to get more
No seriously I scale down the proportions or mix it in an old soda bottle that takes about 1/2 gallon and I use a little scoop which is half a teaspoon (my particular fertiliser needs a teaspoon per gallon so I use 1/2 in 1/2 a gallon). I then just put the lid on and save any remaining fertiliser mix for the next watering.
It's usual to use a mix like that as your watering water rather than watering and fertilising separately.
In the old days you used to be advised to water first then fertilise, but that was using much higher concentrations of fertiliser which could burn the roots if they were dry. The modern idea is to fertilise much more weakly so you don't get that problem and the fertiliser calculator link I posted earlier will guide you to a strength that is fine to use on dry roots.
That really answers your other question, what happens if it's too strong. The answer is that it can burn the roots and damage them.