I've experimented with ultra high CO2 concentrations and can attest that there can be dramatic results once 30,000 PPM is reached (3%). However, fooling around with these levels without proper equipment is advised against as death can result (to you, not the plant).
The growth rate was 300-500% above normal.
The downside is the plant can suffer when removed from the environment of ultra-high CO2 as the plant develops dormant CO2 pathways/ over-develops the relative plant tissue relative to the use of ultra-high CO2 and then crashes once CO2 levels are brought back to normal.
Also, if the plant can not use the CO2 (i.e. other environmental factors are not created to use it), the plant will relapse and cease taking in the CO2 and using it.
Having said that, CO2 levels between 1500-3000PPM do WONDERS for orchids, and I have created some amusing flower spikes with such levels that were about 4 feet tall before they put out flowers. It is fun to toy around - but be careful, a CO2 regulator malfunctioning can flood your home or greenhouse with huge volumes of CO2 causing death.
I sometimes use CO2 levels at 50,000 for periods of 4 hours to wipe out insects and mites, (though it must be repeated when the eggs hatch as some are immune to CO2 absorption).
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