Firm Brown Roots

[dianecty]

Hi! I have a question regarding roots.

When I trim the rotten roots off of an orchid, very often I see roots that are cream or brown. If I cut off the tip of this root, I see the thread inside. However, it is firm.

My question is, is this root rotten or not?

The reason I am asking is because I thought that rotten roots had to be soft and mushy. The one I am asking about is firm and yet it is brown or cream colored.

Thanks everyone!