There was a link to a peer-reviewed scientific article on NPK effects on orchids that I recently came across & posted on another thread:
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Requirements for Optimizing Growth and Flowering of the Nobile Dendrobium as a Potted Orchid
The study used nobile dendrobiums, but you can probably extrapolate to many other orchids.
General conclusions (I am simplifying a bit to be brief):
- its important to provide N at certain levels
- it is also important to provide K at certain levels
- P is needed, but not as much as N or K.
- Timing for when plants receive certain nutrients does have an effect on plant performance
Scroll through the article, have a look at Figure 5 first, then read the article for the details. It is not surprising that N and K are the most important macro nutrients to provide for plant performance. This is true for most plants.